00:00:00Interview with Nathen Braunstein, December 12th, 2015
SUSAN CLEMENS-BRUDER: Okay, would you- Ready? Would you start by telling your
full name, where you were born, and when you were born?
NATHAN BRAUNSTEIN: My name is Nathan Braunstein. I was born in Linden, New
Jersey, on August 21st, 1927.
SC: And can you tell me about your family, as far back as you know -- where they
were from, who they were, what they did?
NB: My mother came to the United States from Warsaw, Poland. And my father came
from a small shtetl called Bludova [?] in Poland also. And they met in the
United States. The beginning of my mother's story is a little different than my
00:01:00father's story. My mother was married at the age about I would say could have
been 15 or 16 to a man that lived in her shtetl. And when the- after they were
married, she had a son by the name of Harry. And this man, I'll call Mr.
Retarsky, [?] decided to go to the United States and then call for my mother and
his son later. When he got to the United States, the First World War broke out,
00:02:00which deterred him from bringing my mother to join him. So in the ensuing years,
what happened [is] he made a life for himself. He called for my mother sometime,
I guess, around 1920, to bring her to the United States. Once she arrived here,
shortly after he asked her for a divorce.
Now, let's get to my father. My father must have been a rebel. His parents
00:03:00wanted him to be a rabbi. He ran away from home. He stowed away on a ship to the
United States, and then they shipped him back when they found him. Whatever
happened in Poland then is very sketchy to me -- the only thing I can remember
now is that he came to the United States, he had his own life, he had a
marriage, and when he met my- and I'm skipping around-- and he got involved in
the apparel industry in Manhattan.
00:04:00
And my mother, in the meantime, when she got here, was destitute and she knew
how to sew. So she got a job in factories where she would sew garments and
supported her son that way. And through the years -- and we're talking about a
certain amount of years because I wasn't born until 1927 -- she must have been
working at different factories, and my father was working at different
factories, and my mother ended up working in the factory where my father was the
manager. And he had lost his wife and he had four children, and I think my
00:05:00mother was prime to be -- wanted to be -- married, too. So they got together.
SC: What was your father's name?
NB: My father's name was Isadore, and my mother's name was Bertha.
SC: So it was Isadore Braunstein. And your mother's maiden name?
NB: Dornblott. Bertha Dornblott. But she had the name Bertha Retarsky, too.
SC: Do you know your father's parents names and your mother's parents names at all?
00:06:00
NB: No. I did have a grandfather. My father's father was living in the United
States for a while; but my father made him go back because he didn't want his
mother to be alone. And so when I was a baby, I must have known them, but it's
just a dream.
SC: So could you talk a little bit about your schooling, you know, when you grew
up, go through your life?
NB: My schooling was...a maze of schools. The reason for that is when you were-
00:07:00when you managed apparel factories in those years, the owners would want to have
someone get their factories running straight and good, and then they would no
longer want the expense of having a manager. So we moved around a lot in my
life. I must have gone to four or five different elementary schools in my life,
and junior high schools. But I got the basic education. And as far as higher
education, I went to Lafayette for two years in Easton. And I thought I could do
better without the education. And I was in love, so I left that education.
00:08:00
SC: So do you remember when you came to Allentown, when your family came to Allentown?
NB: Certainly. I was 17 when I came to Allentown. My father had died a couple of
months before, and my brother from my mother's side was working here for his
father, who owned the factory. And my brother was kind enough to have us live
with him and his mother -- you know, my mother and his family.
SC: So could you talk a little bit about after that? Did you work any place
00:09:00before you got into the business and then I'll pass it over.
NB: Well, I did some work for my brother's father -- I worked in the office,
which was...
SC: Yeah, that was it. You weren't a paper boy or anything like that? You didn't
work before [the business] -- any casual jobs or anything?
NB: I did some odd jobs. I worked at the school a little bit.
SC: At your high school or at Lafayette?
NB: When I went to Lafayette.
SC: It's just sort of interesting to see how people maneuver through work to get
to become a business owner, that's why I ask that.
00:10:00
NB: Well from that I learned about the problems of the apparel business, when I
was astute enough to pick up what was needed in the Valley, what I thought was
needed, that I could do as a business. I had wanted to become a lawyer, but I
gave that up.
GAIL EISENBERG: And so, if you want to share with us a little bit: So you were
working in the office. I'm just curious, what kinds of jobs or duties were you
doing in the office?
NB: Payroll.
GE: Oh, you were doing the payroll.
NB: Payroll was a big thing because everyone was on piece rate, and it was a
difficult way--
GE: Yes, it was complicated. Yes. Okay.
00:11:00
NB: And no computers.
GE: Right. And so... you're saying you did not want to stay there as an
employee, you wanted to go out on your own and start your own type of business?
NB: Well, I knew that I was going to be in business. I always knew that.
GE: And I'm just curious, what made you decide that? What reasons? What do you
think contributed to that?
NB: Well I gave up education. I felt I was good enough to make my mark in the
manufacturing field.
GE: And did you know you were going to be -- given you were working already in
the apparels -- did you know you were going to be in the apparel business?
NB: Well there was a need. Most of the people that made dresses and sportswear
00:12:00would have to send extra material to New York to have belts made for the
garments. So I felt there was a need for someone to do that [locally] in
Pennsylvania and the Northeast. There was only one other company that was in Wilkes-Barre.
GE: So you recognized the need and and therefore you felt that was something
that you would be able to fulfill and to satisfy and do well.
NB: So I started- how did that work again?
GE: About what year is that? Let's say when you started, about what year?
NB: Pardon me?
00:13:00
GE: About what year? What was the timeframe?
NB: About 1951.
GE: Okay, so quite early. You were just married.
NB: That's right.
GE: Right. Okay, and tell us a little bit about how you got started.
NB: I got started this way: My father-in-law, we had a little conversation, and
he offered to give me five-thousand dollars to go into business -- which in
those days was a lot of money. But I didn't do well in that business. I lost it.
GE: And that was trying to still do the belts?
NB: Still belts. I lost it, so I had to get a job. I went to- I got myself to
Wilkes-Barre, and I told them that I could bring in customers to their belt
company. And I started to work for them, I worked for them for a year. In the
00:14:00meantime, my brother on my father's side also went out on his own and he closed
that factory. So we got together, and we started another belt company. And from
that -- he worked on the inside and I worked on the outside -- and we started to
build a business.
GE: So do you feel that between what happened, where your business went under,
and then spending the year working at the belt company, then you started to really-
NB: Which gave me more pointers about belts and things.
GE: Right, about what would succeed, about what you would need.
NB: And that was enough.
GE: How about your brother? Did he have- I mean, he had general, you know,
00:15:00inside experience from the factory.
NB: My brother was a garment cutter. That was his trade. He cut the fabric to
make garments, I got that he got the fabric to make garments, but hen he had a
little sewing factory, which also didn't do well.
GE: And with the belts, what he would need to do on the inside, he had all that-
NB: He liked my idea about the belts, and we started up. Very small.
GE: How many customers did you have the first couple of years?
NB: Well, we had two or three customers. Kept building on it.
GE: And so, want to tell us a little bit about that progression?
NB: Well he and I did everything in the factory except sew, so we got a few
00:16:00girls that stuck with us throughout my career, actually. Got a few girls, and
they came and sewed for us, and we put the belts together and gradually grew.
What's the strange thing is: all the people that I thought that we would get
business from locally was very difficult to get the business from them because
the manufacturers in New York controlled [them], and they wanted the belts to
come to New York rather than have someone making them in Pennsylvania, even
though they could save money. And I had to break through that. I did that with a
lot of badgering, nagging, and making a pest of myself. I was likeable.
00:17:00
GE: Yeah, I believe that.
NB: So, you know, there were times when I would talk to New York manufacturers
where we say, "We give you the business, but you have to pay off." I says,
"What's pay off?" He says, "I don't give my trimming manager a big salary, so if
you want to make belts for me, you have to give him five percent." Hey, that's business.
SC: Is that called a shakedown?
NB: No, that's a kickback. I learned that very well.
GE: And is that what needed to happen?
NB: You don't know how many houses I built -- through kickbacks! I mean, well,
00:18:00where the trimming man would say to me, you know, "I need storm windows in my
house" -- we would do it. If the account was big enough, we would do it. It's
happening in Allentown now. That's called kickback.
GE: And you want to tell us, share with us a little bit why at this time in this
-- you know, especially in the 50s -- just tell us a little bit about the kinds
of clothes that the women were wearing and the shirtwaists, dresses, and the
belts, because many of us don't necessarily remember that.
NB: I don't know how to explain that. The shirtwaists was a bonanza, started by
00:19:00the Villager Company -- you remember the Villager?
GE: I do.
NB: And everybody made shirtwaists, and shirtwaists was a bonanza for belt
manufacturers. And that's what started to grow my business. Really grew it. And
then what made it even bigger is men's slacks -- [men] would put belts on their
slacks. Men's slacks manufacturers would be putting their own belts on slacks.
So I learned to cover the men's market, too.
GE: And at least in the beginning, the product- you want to just describe the
product? I think you said it was the belt with the material, right? Was the
material over the belt?
NB: The material over the belt or you would have a webbing with leather tabs.
00:20:00
GE: Okay, I'm trying to remember what that was like. And the shirtwaist dresses,
they lasted in fashion until about what time period? I think, what, through the mid-60s?
NB: Well it was-- through the 80s.
GE: Really? That was the shirtwaist dress?
NB: Well, the late 70s.
MARILYN BRAUNSTEIN: With the sweater to match.
NB: Oh yeah, that sweater dress.
GE: Sweater dress. Okay. And then the men's pants, they also had similar
00:21:00[design]. And then I remember you telling us- tell us about some of the other
types of belts that you then started [producing].
NB: Well that one, when I saturated that, there was only one other way to go:
that was a retail market. Which had- which encompassed new machinery, because we
were making finer belts and growing that. So it was a great adventure, actually,
because-- it was exciting.
GE: And quite a challenge.
NB: Always a challenge.
GE: Right. So just so I understand, when you were doing it more, where you were
selling it to the manufacturer, in a sense it was just part of the garment, right?
NB: Right.
GE: Where the second time, when it's the retail, that's where you were selling
it where it's an accessory that somebody bought separately.
00:22:00
NB: Well I never used our name.It was the store name or--
GE: Or the brand name. Well especially the first time.
NB: Whoever we made it for.
GE: When you did retail, that was probably the store name, correct?
NB: Yeah. We made a lot of belts for the Limited. For the Limited Express, for...
GE: Okay. So let's see: you were in business. Tell us about -- you and your
brother started, this was around 1951. And when did you see things begin to get
more challenging because of, you know, the competitors going overseas?
NB: The 90s, the late 90s.
GE: Oh that was already that late?
NB: '91, '92.
GE: So it really thrived, then, through the 80s. And it was really not until the
00:23:00'90s that you were really being challenged. Okay, and then a little bit [of]
what happened? What happened and how fast did things start going down?
NB: Pretty fast. Pretty fast. In fact, when I got the idea that I should sell --
it took me two years to really make up my mind. I should have sold when I got
the idea.
GE: When did you finally sell?
NB: '93.
GE: Okay. So once it began in the '90s, it really got hurt. Nate, want to share
with us some of the different manufacturers, different brands that you produced-
that you manufactured for? You just said a few, but we didn't get it on tape.
00:24:00
NB: David Crystal. I don't even remember the names anymore.
GE: Evan Picone.
SC: John Meyer of Norwich.
NB: Well you're just repeating what I said.
GE: But we didn't have it on the tape.
NB: Oh, I see.
GE: Once the company -- once a manufacturer -- let you break in, let you start
making their belts, then did they stay with you?
NB: They stayed with me. College Town -- did you ever hear of College Town?
Slacks, sportswear, Panther. I used to get orders like two hundred thousand at a time.
00:25:00
GE: How many people did you have working at the factory at its peak?
NB: At the height, 200.
GE: Wow. And was it mostly the operators or like- what did the work workforce
consist of?
NB: Well, at the beginning it was a lot of operators; but then I didn't need as
many operators.
GE: Because the machinery--?
NB: In order to fight what was going on in the Middle East- [I mean] in Asia, I
must have spent close to a million dollars just in automatic machinery -- to
make billions, but to no avail. I took a trip to Taiwan, and saw how they
worked, and I knew I really had to get out because those girls were working- my
00:26:00girls, with their fringes, at that time were making twelve dollars an hour, and
these girls were making not even twelve dollars a week.
GE: So even as you were having fewer and fewer employees, it's still you could
not- the labor cost was so [expensive].
NB: And you couldn't match it for another reason too: since the manufacturer was
doing everything there, the Chinese were doing everything there for them -- with
belts, too!
GE: So even the shipping, you would have shipping and transportation costs.
NB: It was a lost cause. They needed us -- our manufacturers needed us because
they wanted to have somebody to make samples for them. But we were just being
00:27:00used for a while, 'til we realized, you know, they would throw business our way,
but not the 200,000 quantity orders anymore. So, it was sad. I love that
business. It was so... to me, it was like watching something grow that I built
and then have it torn down.
GE: At its peak, when you were making- when you were getting orders of the
200,000 things -- how many other belt producers were there in the area? Were you
still the only one?
NB: Only one. Because it's a specialty thing. That's why I wanted to do
something different. I didn't want to make a dress like everybody else was
00:28:00making it. Right. Right, right.
GE: You really carved out your own niche, your own specialization.
NB: And I even grew bigger than the guy in Wilkes-Barre -- and they were mafia connected.
GE: Did they ever give you any trouble, that when you left them and you started...?
NB: [No.]
GE: Okay, that's good. I remember you telling us last time about some of the
challenges, the unique challenges it was, going from being where you're making
for manufacturers versus now. What were the new things you had to learn and had
to excel at and had to begin to do when you started going to retail? You know,
how is that a new challenge?
[phone interrupts interview]
00:29:00
GE: Nate, you had started out working with manufacturing; then, when you had to,
also introduced [your belts] into the retailers. What were some of the new
challenges for you?
NB: New challenges were when you dealt with retailers, you didn't deal with
owners -- what you dealt [with] was buyers. And if you learn about kickbacks,
that's kickbacks! Well I learned how to deal with buyers, that's all. It's just
simple. And every time a new buyer came in, we'd have to start from scratch all
over again.
GE: And I assume buyer's turnover. In other words, the owner stays, but the
00:30:00buyers -- it's constantly a new market.
NB: My trick was, when I dealt with manufacturers, I had to deal with trimming
and purchases. Well I would get into their heads, I would become friendly, they
would become my family. When I came to town, and I'd listen to all their
troubles, and they were my friends. So I kept a customer that I liked, but I
also kept up my quality and everything.
GE: So it was very much quality, right price, and relationship. And it sounds
like the relationship was also very important.
NB: It is. In today's world, relationships are not that great because people do
00:31:00business with email. Now how do you get to know somebody with an email? You
don't. It's tough for people.
GE: And they're also just- the businesses seem to be very, very different today
when we don't have the same manufacturing that we used to have. You mentioned
something that you didn't mention before -- that you were in real estate. Was
that after the [business]? Did you say something about building homes or not?
SC: No, that was the kickbacks. That was just a metaphor.
00:32:00
GE: Okay. I think in terms of the business, that was a pretty good- you know,
you gave us a pretty good [description]. I think we got most of the information.
So do you want to share with us a little bit about your community involvement?
'Cause that was another big part of your life.
NB: Well, we'll go back to Hadassah.
GE: That'd be great.
NB: Hadassah was my building stone, for getting above. What I feel that I could
do for the Jews, myself. On Marilyn's second trip to Israel -- it was a three
week trip, three weeks on a bus with Jewish women! And I became the mechanic to
fix all the cameras and help them. And became friendly . . . it was a wonderful,
00:33:00wonderful experience. But I also found out what we as Jews owe to other Jews,
especially with the loss of six million. And I became very serious about that
whole thing. And I felt that if there were 10 million Jews in the United States
-- or in the world, in the world at that time -- we owed for six million lost
souls, and we have a responsibility. And people used to cross the street when
they saw me because I was-- And anyway, I started out in working for the UJA
00:34:00office here as a volunteer after that trip. But I was always a little bit
involved before we went with Hadassah. Whatever I did was very minimal, but what
really helped also was the fact that my business was doing better, and I could
be more philanthropic. Not that people that have good businesses are
philanthropic, but it was just me that felt that way because of Marilyn's
tutelage. And I worked on the campaign, I solicited people. And that became like
00:35:00a challenge for me too, like the belt business. It was- I've got to be the best,
I've got to be the best at it. So in a short period of time, I became a regional
chairman for UJA. And then I was asked to go on the national board, and that was
00:36:00such a fantastic feeling because there were probably... it must have been 14 or
15 of us that all thought the same way about the Jewish cause. And I stayed on
it until the '80s. When my business was going, I couldn't maintain the gifts I
was making. It's still a part of my life that was just a magnificent feeling,
magnificent. There is -- and I'm not being melodramatic saying [this] -- that
giving is such a high. Helping someone else is such a high. It's one of the
00:37:00highest things. It's better than getting.
GE: In many ways, I think much better than getting. I remember last time, if you
want to share with us a little bit: the influence of your father-in-law and
uncle in regards to all this. NB: What story should I end it on? Your Uncle
Bernie? Uncle Bernie was my father-in-law's brother.
MB: Who was seven years younger.
NB: He was really the philanthropic leader of the UJA. And when I started to get
00:38:00involved, he came and gave me a lecture and he said, "Now look, Nate, I don't
want you to embarrass me."
MB: What about the [inaudible]?
NB: You want me to tell the story? We bought a second home. And Bernie and
naturally my father-in-law, Victor, they all came to see the house, and pass
judgment on it, and all that stuff. And I was the first one in the family that
had a second home. So it caused a lot of rift. "How did Nate do this?" Blah blah
blah and all that stuff. And one day, during the fall, I get a call from Uncle
00:39:00Bernie to come down to their office. I come down, and he sits me down, he says,
"You know, the first thing you have to do is take care of Jews. And what you
did, you went out and bought a second home before you're doing anything for the
Jewish people." And he starts lecturing me, and I said, "You're out of line. You
have no right to talk to me this way. Absolutely not. First of all, my
00:40:00father-in-law was sitting over there. If he wants to say something about what I
do with my money, he can. But you can't. I'm not going to listen to what you're
saying." And I said, "I will do for Jews my way and you won't be embarrassed."
GE: And you always maintained a very nice relationship.
NB: What?
GE: He was satisfied. You and Bernie and of course your father-in-law, you
always maintained a very good relationship.
NB: Of course. In fact, he was very proud -- and also worried. He'd given away
everything. But he's very proud. When he was old and sick, he came to live with
00:41:00us. First of all, Marilyn was his shining star. I can still hear him calling
Marilyn, right now in my mind -- when he needed help.
MB: Did you say anything about my brother?
NB: No.
MB: My brother died when he was 70, so.
GE: When he was 70, when he was- when your brother was 70?
MB: Yeah.
00:42:00
GE: He died the day after my father-in-law.
MB: Yeah. We had two caskets in the sanctuary. And a lot of people didn't know
about my brother. They were coming to see my father.
SC: I think Nate answered both of those questions, so that's fine. Thank you.
Interview with Marilyn Braunstein, December 12th, 2015
SUSAN CLEMENS-BRUDER: Today is December 12, 2015, the interview with Marilyn
Braunstein. And I'm going to start with your background. Can you tell me as much
about- first of all, your full name and your date of birth and where you were born?
MARILYN BRAUNSTEIN: Okay. My name is Marilyn Kobrovsky Braunstein. I am a native
00:43:00Allentownian. I was born here at Sacred Heart Hospital in 1930, which makes me
85 -- 85 happy years. I'm very happy to be part of this interview that you're
doing. I'm supposed to talk about my life?
SC: Yes. Can you go back just a little bit and talk about your parents, your
brothers and sisters -- your parents and grandparents, what their names were and
where they were born?
MB: My paternal grandparents name is Lazar and Lena Kobrovsky. They were born in
00:44:00Russia, Poland- I don't remember. I don't remember the town, but my Grandfather
Lazer came to the United States by himself and left my grandmother and my father
and his sister in Poland. And he came by himself. He came to Allentown because
he had a landsman [Yiddish-- someone from the same town back in Poland/Russia]
here. I guess that's how everybody kind of arrived here. And his landmans was
Edward Schneider, who was in the . . . I guess in the junk business or peddling
or something. And he lived in his house until 1902 or 3, I'm not sure. Until he
brought my grandmother and my father over to this country and then they were out
00:45:00on their own. They had their own little house on Grant Street, which is in the
sixth ward of the community. My father was just five or six, so he started
school and he never really- he never spoke with an accent because he went to
school as a young child. But when he was old enough to go to work, he and my
grandfather went out on their horse and buggy to pick up scrap wherever -- you
know, they went into the country, into Lehighton and Palmerton and all those
little towns around here. And that's how he made a living until he bought a
00:46:00building and became much more involved in the business. The business grew, and
he had all the Syrian neighbors -- they were all Christian Syrians -- and they
also were what we called junkmen. And they used to bring all their stuff to my
grandfather. And there were three brothers in the family. My father was Victor,
and Bernie, and Sam. And then there were seven girls, so there were nine
siblings all together. So what fun it was to go to my grandmother's house every
Sunday and be with this family. My grandmother made her tuna fish -- tuna fish!
00:47:00I don't know how this Russian-Polish lady learned to make tuna fish salad but
that's what she made. And my aunts, you want all my aunts names? I don't wanna
do it. But there were seven, seven and three -- no, six and three. Nine, nine children.
Okay, that was my paternal [family]. My maternal grandparents were Chaim and
Sarah Greenberg. My grandmother's maiden name was Epstein. And they were born in
Poland, too. I don't know how they got to London- I mean England, or why they
went to England. They met in England. They got married and they had five
00:48:00children in England, my mother being the youngest at that time. She was a few
months old. They came to this country, then, in 1902. My grandfather was a
schneider [Yiddish for tailor], he was a tailor. So he- they came to Allentown
because my grandmother's sister -- sister's husband was the rabbi in Allentown.
So that's why they came to Allentown. There are ten siblings in my mother's
family. My mother is Anna, my grandmother was Sarah -- I told you that -- and my
grandfather was Chaim. And he had a tailor shop in the front of the house where
00:49:00they lived on Second Street between Turner and Linden. In there. And the front
of the house, the living room, was his shop. And that's what he did. He was a
tailor. And they lived, I don't know for how many years they lived there, but I
know my mother worked -- went to work, I think she was a teenager. I don't
remember exactly how it all occurred, but she worked at the Grammes Company. I
don't know if it's still in business in Allentown. She worked an addressograph.
Anyway, my father and mother were married in 1924, by Rabbi Krevsky, who was the
00:50:00rabbi in Allentown. It used to be called the Sixth Street Shul, [Yiddish for
synagogue] because that's where the synagogue was for the congregation, the Sons
of Israel, which is now on Twenty-seventh and Tilghman.
My grandfather, my father's father, was very involved with Agudas Achim, which
was Orthodox synagogue, and he would live within walking distance of the shul.
So he was there every day and that was where he belonged to. My other
grandfather belonged to a shul five doors away, called-- It will come to me. But
00:51:00anyway, they used to call it the Bolsheviki-y shul. My grandfather must have
been a Bolsheviki, I don't know. Everyone looked down on that shul. So we used
to go from one shul to the other, and everybody used to hang out in front of the
shul. And there was always arguments for who was going to-- What is it at the
end, where they- where you buy the right to--? I forget. So there was always a
fight: Who was going to buy the right to say, I don't remember which it was.
Anyway, sometimes cops had to come to break it up, it got so violent. They don't
00:52:00do those things anymore. They were a real bunch.
And on that street was also two Kosher butchers and a Kosher store to buy fish
and things. So it was a little community service there, for the Jewish
community. It was a very nice, pleasant place to be. Yeah. And anyway, that's it.
SC: Can you talk a little bit about where you were born and, you know, your-
well you talked about your birthday, but your early life -- what you remember,
where you went to school, and how eventually how you met Nate.
MB: For some reason, all the Jews in Allentown lived on South 16th Street. That
00:53:00was where everybody moved. My father, being different, moved us to 22nd in Allen
-- there were no Jews. None. Okay, so I went to this elementary school --
Muhlenberg, which is still in existence -- and there were maybe five Jewish kids
in the school. They were not so wonderful to me. They didn't include me in
things. And I never thought of it, anything of it. Just like when they picked
00:54:00guards for crossing the street, everybody got the job except me. It was kind of-
that was my first experience with anti-Semitism. Anyway, I didn't have really
any Jewish friends until junior high school. I did go to the Jewish Community
Center -- Daycare Center. I loved it, loved it, because my people were there and
I felt included. That was- that's a nice camp and it still exists. It was
wonderful. And I spent a lot of time at the JCC every Sunday where everybody
used to come in and take a trolley downtown. And we had a jukebox there and we
00:55:00all danced. We danced the jitterbug, I guess that's what that was in the 1940s.
So that was- it was a lot of fun. And we formed the Young Judaea Club for the
girls. So we used to come down one night a week and meet Young Judea and we
picked a certain night because the Boy Scouts met that night, so we had
everything figured out. Anyway, those were my junior high school years.
Then we went to Allen High, which was a fantastic school in those days.
Everybody who was living outside the city limits wanted to go to Allentown High.
00:56:00Through the years, the school deteriorated to not such a great place, but in
those years it was wonderful. Morty Sher was one of our teachers. He was very
involved with the Jewish community and the Center. He was a- was he an English
teacher? I don't quite remember. I met Nate when I was a senior in high school.
He had just- or was I a junior? I don't remember. He was from New Bedford,
Massachusetts. He came to Allentown when he was a senior, and he came here
because when living in New Bedford, his father suddenly passed away. So he and
00:57:00his mother came to Allentown because Nate had a brother living here who had a
business. He made dresses like many people did here.
So anyway, I met Nate at the Superior Restaurant, and it was right before my
sweet sixteen party. So of course I invited him to my sweet sixteen party, and I
never went out with anybody else after that. My father was not happy about that,
but he thought I was too young. Nate was nineteen, I was sixteen. He said, "He's
too old for you!" So nobody listened to my father. He thought we did. And when
Nate graduated, he went to Lafayette College for two years. I decided that --
00:58:00and my father was in full agreement, which he shouldn't have been -- and since I
was so in love with this guy, why should I go to college? So I didn't. I went to
a business school in Bethlehem, and I went there for two years, so that's what I
did. I went to be a secretary.
So anyway, Nate and I got married on August 6th, 1950. He was working for his
brother and we moved to Tremont Apartments. Everybody, all the young couples,
00:59:00everybody moved [there] when they got married. It was really a nice place. I
don't know if there were any Jewish people living there today, but it was filled
with young Jewish couples -- and then, maybe two years later, with the baby
carriages. Anyway, after- we had Cherie, after when I had Laurie, we moved into
a house on 23rd and Washington up the street from the Center. It was in the- Was
the Center built then? I don't think... No, the center was not built then. The
center was built in 1957. But anyway, it was a wonderful place to live because
all you had to do was like roll down the hill and you were there. So our lives
were wrapped around the Center.
Then I tell you -- through the years, I was active. I think the first
01:00:00organization that I got involved with was the Auxiliary of the Jewish Community
Center, because I always loved the Center. And then some of my friends -- we had
joined Hadassah too, which I belonged to -- and then I became very active in
Hadassah. Hadassah taught me to be a Jew. They taught me how to be as
philanthropic as I could, because they always had quotas that we had to make, to
send money to National. That was very important. And we always had National
01:01:00women come in and speak to us, and they really got us very enthused. And Mrs.
Leonard, who was the founder of Hadassah -- Allentown Hadassah-- Do you want me
to stop?
[interview is interrupted]
SC: Well, maybe we should just move to- Well your work at Hadassah and then I'll
01:02:00ask you, what made you feel the most creative and what you valued most in life.
Most creative and Hadassah is what you said last time, so maybe just move
through what you did in Hadassah and I'll ask you the other one.
MB: Anyway, where was I? I was very involved with Hadassah. I did a lot of
things -- I collected blue boxes, I went door to door day to get puskas
[Yiddish--charity box used to collect doinations] and everyone was very
pleasant, and that was one of the jobs, one of the important jobs . . . try to
find somebody to do that today. So I stayed with Hadassah, I got on the board,
and did many, many jobs. It was like stepping up and training me to be- I never
01:03:00expected to be asked to be president. And my best friend said, when they had the
nomination committee meeting, that I wouldn't take it if they asked me, they
were sure I would say no. So... I said yes. And that was 1970, it's a two year
term, to 1972.
That was my year, the year that I made my first trip to Israel. They were
dedicating or rededicating the building on Mount Scopus. That was in no man's
land during the war. The Arabs were here, the Israelis were here. This was- this
01:04:00territory in between belonged to no one.But they tried to use the hospital and
they had patients there and doctors used to come in, convoys up Mount Scopus to
take care of the patients. But, I don't know what year it was, but they were-
when Israel declared themselves a state, the Arabs murdered everyone in that
convoy, all these doctors and patients, as they were going up to Mount Scopus.
And the English did nothing, they just stood by and watched. Anyway, they knew
01:05:00they had to build another hospital within the boundaries of Jewish Palestine. In
the meantime, their work was done in another hospital and I don't remember. But
anyway, the new hospital was built in Ein Kerem, which is in Western Jerusalem.
There was no contest about building a hospital there.
I don't remember when it was finished, but I know I went a couple of years
later, and I remember Muriel and Phil Berman putting the mezuzah on the door.
01:06:00They were extremely active and they- one of the nursing hospitals was one that
they gave the money for. They were wonderful. And Muriel used to come back from
all these trips and we had Board meetings and tell us what happened. Was really
so thrilling to hear it from the first person like that. And I said to her,
then, "Muriel, I want to be able to do that someday." That didn't happen, but we
were very happy to be big contributors to Hadassah.
Nate loved it. I took him, I dragged him along on my second trip with George and
01:07:00Mina Finkelstein. And George's suitcase never came. George must have been
[unclear], and he was wearing [Nate's] clothes until his luggage came. Kind of
funny. Anyway, they were wonderful to be with because they had lived in
Jerusalem for many years. In fact, Arnon says that he's a Palestinian. He was
born there. Anyway, we- Nate became so involved with the philanthropics of
Hadassah, that he got caught up in it and he became involved with -- what was it
01:08:00called? It was called UJA, it was not called Federation -- United Jewish Appeal.
So he started as a solicitor, I think, and worked his way up into the Presidency
and Chairman of the Campaign. And we used to go to the big meetings in New York
where everybody came to announce their pledges. So we used to go there and they
would stand up and announce his pledge. And a lot of times I -- I'm falling
through the table! Anyway, that was his love and there was nothing I could do to
01:09:00tell him that you're doing too much. He never felt he gave enough. So he loved
it, and he felt he made a lot of Jews that weren't Jews before. And one of his
jobs being on the National Board was to travel with--
NATHAN BRAUNSTEIN: You're telling my story.
MB: Are you supposed to tell your story?
GAIL EISENBERG: Yes, we'll let him tell his story.
SC: You know, the last time we asked what made you feel the most creative and
what you valued so much, you talked about what Hadassah meant to you. Can you
talk a little bit about that?
MB: Hadassah meant everything to me. My best friends were also involved with
01:10:00Hadassah and we worked together on projects. We used to sit and cut out
invitations, we cooked in the kitchen. It was very close to my heart, and I
loved being able to contribute to Hadassah.
GE: You know what, may I bring the picture- you have a picture of the women
presidents. I'm going to bring it, okay? Because that was also- you just shared
with us a little bit, who these different presidents were.
MB: I have a picture of all the presidents up to one that came after me. Mrs.
Leonard was the founder, and her house is now the President's House of
01:11:00Muhlenberg. Beautiful house. I was never in it- yes I was, I was. She used to
cook Hungarian meals for us. She was an elegant lady.
SC: So it was on Leh Street, it was the Leh Street house?
MB: This is Mrs. Leonard.
GE: This is Marilyn, next to the top.
SC: So if you want to talk about some of the other women, that's fine.
GE: I remember you talking about it a little bit, about your experiences with
Joyce Kitey
MB: Mina was dynamic. Mina, and of course, Muriel Berman. She was great. And
01:12:00Nettie Klass lived across the street from the Center. It's a good thing she did
because one night she saw flames coming out of the building. Yeah, somebody set
fire to it. I don't know. The office was destroyed and the lobby. I don't know
how long it took to fix it. I don't know if they ever caught the people who did
it. But thank God, Nettie lived across the street! And we used to spend a lot of
time with Netty, because she knew everything about Hadassah -- who was coming,
who was going, who was moving. So we used to laugh, and we used to say,
"Somebody's sitting under this table and listening to all of this." We used to
01:13:00gossip . . . terrible. But we had fun with Nettie, Netty was wonderful. And Edie
was- she brought youth to Hadassah.
NB: The Board. To the Board.
MB: Oh, she's the one who brought me to the board, is that what you said? I
don't know. But it was Edie and then it was Rhoda and Joyce, who moved here.
Joyce was from Philadelphia.
NB: Joyce was a younger woman. She was the first of the younger women, Edie.
MB: And Joyce was from Philadelphia. She went to school with Wilt the Stilt. He
01:14:00was in her class. She's very, very bright. Anyway, her husband was a lawyer.
After he graduated law school, they moved to Orlando, Florida, but didn't stay
too long. And luckily they came to Allentown. She was a delight, really
energetic. She brought all kinds of ideas to us, we were doing all kinds of
stuff, everything was so original. Every dance, every dance we had was very
special. She just made us work. We worked a lot. And her poor husband, Harry, if
we had a board meeting at her house and it was snow on the pavement, she called
01:15:00him up at his office and said, "Harry, you come home, you gotta shovel the
snow." Harry was so good. Anyway, they moved to New York, and by that time,
Harry had had cancer, prostate cancer. And we lost him, so Joyce lived alone in
New York and was very involved with Hadassah. She would have been, I'm sure,
national president if she didn't have to work. She moved -- she sold the condo
01:16:00on 57th Street near Bloomingdale's and moved to Florida. That's where Joyce is
today. And Joyce is so beautiful and so smart. We thought in five years she's
going to be married. She's still single -- she's in her late 70s already. So I
guess she's not going to get [married]. But anyway, she still loves Hadassah.
SC: So what do you value most in life? What have you valued in life?
MB: Learning how to give. Which it wasn't really [Hadassah] -- that was my
husband. He taught me how to give. I always thought I taught him. But as it
01:17:00worked out... Anyway, after Hadassah, all my friends got involved with other
things. I became active with UJA. And then I was Campaign Chairman and President
of Hadassah. We would go out to different chapters in the area and speak. We
were very famous. Allentown, everybody, I think, was envious of us.
NB: They were like the posse, going out, spreading Judaism.
01:18:00
MB: It was nice being involved with Hadassah because it was something I could
share with Nate.
NB: Can I interject something?
SC: Sure.
NB: Hadassah became weak because the younger women started to have careers, to
not- were not the stay-at-home moms that Hadassah grew with. That's what kept
Hadassah strong in communities. But with the growing need, the need of two
incomes in families, with women that had careers of their own, Hadassah itself
became weak. It's still the biggest organization, women's organization, but it
became weak because of that.
01:19:00
SC: It's the story of the United States, too. Things have changed, where women .
. .
NB: There's a dichotomy to this: Hadassah and Allentown is very, very weak. But
the Women's Jewish Federation division is stronger than the men's division. And
that's where the impetus of giving and where it's smart to belong has grown, and
I can live in it.
SC: And is the Federation men and women?
NB: The men are set up to take -- a backwards step. I mean, I was very involved
here in Allentown. Anyway finish with Marilyn, I shouldn't be doing this now.
01:20:00